Effect of Chinese patent medicine Kunling Pill on endometrial receptivity: A clinical trial, network pharmacology, and animal-based study

Although pregnancy success rates are raised with assisted reproductive technology, it still cannot meet clinical demands. Kunling Pill (KLP), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in various gynecological disorders, particularly improving fertility and rates. However, the underlying mechanism of how KLP affects outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to explore effects mechanisms on endometrial receptivity. Firstly, retrospective trial was conducted validate efficacy repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients. The result indicated significant increase proportion live birth group (30.56%) compared control (16.89%). Secondly, network pharmacology methods predicted active components targets KLP. Endometrial receptivity closely associated activation inflammatory factors, predicting function immune system. estrogen apoptotic signaling pathways were also highlighted gene ontology enrichment analysis. Thirdly, decreased model established by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) female C57BL/6 mice, divided into COH groups. Normal mice as group. In vivo, administration could thickness number glands pinopodes. endometrium, supplementation upregulated expressions receptor α, progesterone receptor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, integrin αVβ3 murine uterus reduced serum levels progesterone. regulated uterine cells inhibited cell apoptosis ovary via Bcl-2/Bax/caspase-3 pathway. conclusion, rate RIF patients optimize medication regimens, mainly because ameliorated impaired